10) In what ways can computer security protect the privacy of individuals? In what ways can computer security threatn the privscy of individuals?
The privacy of one can be protected becasue security methods will prevent unauthorized personel to access ones personal files or information. Sometimes in order to prevent computer crime, the rules made violate or threaten ones privacy.For example in order to prevent email servers from being hacked a law was passed allowing them to read user email.
11)What are smart weapons? How do they differ from conventional weapons? What are the advantages and risks of smart weapons?
Smart weapons are missiles that use computerized guidance systems to locate their targets. Whereas in normal missiles, they have to be aimed and shot, msart weapons can still be controlled after they are shot by a person who watches its path on a sreen and uses controls to direct it to the desired target. This allows for more accuracy when hitting a target, but it also lowers the amount fo time to make the life and death decisions. This can make errors go up, becasu epeople have less time toi think out whehter using the weapon is necessary or not.
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
Monday, January 18, 2010
Review Questions pg 379
7) What are the two inherent characteristics of computers that make computer security so difficult?
- A coputer does whatever it is programmed to do. This allows for anyone with enough knowledge to try and reprogram computers for their own reasons.
-A computer can do only what it is programmed to do, so it cant protect itslef from malfunctions and any trespassing or attacks from hackers.
8) Describe several different computer security techniques, and explain the purpose of each.
Biometrics: this and other physical access restircitiona allow only authorized individuals to access computers and information with fingerprints, faial recognition, iris scans, etc.
Passwords: These are words used to restrict unauthorized eprsonal fromaccessin accoutns and computers. Each individual comes up witht heri own personal password to keep others out.
Firewalls: "gates with locks" that guard against unauthorized access to an internal network.
Encryption: softawre used to scramble transmissions between computers so others cnanot read them.
- A coputer does whatever it is programmed to do. This allows for anyone with enough knowledge to try and reprogram computers for their own reasons.
-A computer can do only what it is programmed to do, so it cant protect itslef from malfunctions and any trespassing or attacks from hackers.
8) Describe several different computer security techniques, and explain the purpose of each.
Biometrics: this and other physical access restircitiona allow only authorized individuals to access computers and information with fingerprints, faial recognition, iris scans, etc.
Passwords: These are words used to restrict unauthorized eprsonal fromaccessin accoutns and computers. Each individual comes up witht heri own personal password to keep others out.
Firewalls: "gates with locks" that guard against unauthorized access to an internal network.
Encryption: softawre used to scramble transmissions between computers so others cnanot read them.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Summary of Computer Security and Risks
Pages 266-268
Technology Notes
Security measures:
· Smart badge/Active badge: microprocessor controlled badges broadcast infrared identification codes every 15 seconds, which are picked up by networks transmitted to a badge receiver database that is constantly updated.
· These badges are used to
o IDENTIFY: it can be used to identify authorized employees and allow them entrance into buildings and access to files on computers.
o FIND: Employees can locate each others using computers and their badges.
o REMEMBER: One can at the end of the say see everywhere they went and to whom they communicated with by using their badges.
· Conferences use badges to help people meet each other. The badges have information on each person’s history and hobbies so they can find people with similar interests.
Justice on the Electronic frontier
· As computer crimes have increased, governments have created laws to prevent crimes and serve justice to those who violate them.
· Many hackers are punished for their crimes while some go unnoticed. Sometimes those that are found are unpunished because there was no solid law t the time preventing them from committing the crime, or it is argued that the government is violating their rights
· Man questions are raised over whether civil liberties relate to the electronic world and where the lines should be drawn.
· Laws such as the Telecommunications act, The Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Communications Decency Act have been passed to define the civil liberties and laws on the digital world.
· Although these laws were created to raise order in the digital world, they have sparked controversy over the rights of the people in this world of rapid technological change.
Security and Reliability
· Some of the issues with security are not related to crime, they have more to do with whether a computer system is reliable and can handle or prevent glitches and bugs
· There are more often software glitches than hardware problems.
Review Questions pg 379
2) Why is it hard to measure the extent of computer crime?
Computer crime is very common and it can often be commited and undetected. The crimes that are detected are not always reported becasue companies who fall victim to the crime dont reveal it to keep their reputations. With these conditions its clear that the numebrs availabe surrounding the amount of copmuter crime is much less than the actual amount of crime.
4)What is the most common computer crime? WHo commits it? What is being done to prevent it?
Theft is the most common computer crime. People use computers to steal a persons goods information, resources, identity and even a persons computer itself. It can be commited by anyone who knows their way around acomputer. There is no specific age group or type of person who commits it. Spammer and hackers would be the most skilled in commiting digital theft crimes. In order to rpevent theft on computers. There are certain security measures taken, including passwords, firewalls, etc.
Computer crime is very common and it can often be commited and undetected. The crimes that are detected are not always reported becasue companies who fall victim to the crime dont reveal it to keep their reputations. With these conditions its clear that the numebrs availabe surrounding the amount of copmuter crime is much less than the actual amount of crime.
4)What is the most common computer crime? WHo commits it? What is being done to prevent it?
Theft is the most common computer crime. People use computers to steal a persons goods information, resources, identity and even a persons computer itself. It can be commited by anyone who knows their way around acomputer. There is no specific age group or type of person who commits it. Spammer and hackers would be the most skilled in commiting digital theft crimes. In order to rpevent theft on computers. There are certain security measures taken, including passwords, firewalls, etc.
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
Homwork 1/5/10
What are the different levels of access to the internet?
One can access various networks when it comes to internet access. LANs or local area networks,allow one to connect with computers close by. MANs are metropolitan area networks that allow one to access computers in a larger city-wide area. WANs allow one to connect to an even larger networks,even at the international level,such as the world wide web. These are the different level of networks one can access and use to their benefit.
Monday, January 4, 2010
Impact of Social Networks on Communication
1. Name 3 networking sites. How do they allow users to participate?
Facebook: Allows users to send messages, publicly or privately, share links and photos, and update statuses to show what they are doing or make announcements.
Myspace: Just like facebook, allows users to share various photos, links, messages, and announcements. As well as to network and communicate with each other.
Twiter: Allows users to update their friends on what they are doing or make announcements via "tweets"
2. Explain the impact of these networking sites in three different areas.
Business and Employment: Allows for individulas to find jobs or for employers to find employess. also allows for the employers and employees to communicate efficiently.
Education: Allows for students to network and find people they can interview for various projects or whn conductiing research. Allows for teachers to communicate school related messages to their students.
Politica dn Governments: Politicians can use their networking sites to help campaign and keept heir audeince updated.
3. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of networking as pertaining to 3 social/ethical issues.
Facebook: Allows users to send messages, publicly or privately, share links and photos, and update statuses to show what they are doing or make announcements.
Myspace: Just like facebook, allows users to share various photos, links, messages, and announcements. As well as to network and communicate with each other.
Twiter: Allows users to update their friends on what they are doing or make announcements via "tweets"
2. Explain the impact of these networking sites in three different areas.
Business and Employment: Allows for individulas to find jobs or for employers to find employess. also allows for the employers and employees to communicate efficiently.
Education: Allows for students to network and find people they can interview for various projects or whn conductiing research. Allows for teachers to communicate school related messages to their students.
Politica dn Governments: Politicians can use their networking sites to help campaign and keept heir audeince updated.
3. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of networking as pertaining to 3 social/ethical issues.
Key Terms
· Network: A computer system that links two or more computers
Networks can be useful in communicating with others and sharing or accessing information, however, there are issues that may arise with networks. Privacy and Security come into question because being connected to other computers means they can steal or access personal information, Computers that aren’t connected to certain networks cannot attain all the information that computers that are a apart oft he network can.
Areas of Impact: Business and Employment, networks can be useful in "networking", allowing people to find jobs and employees.
· Wireless Network: A network in which a node has a tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network port so it can send and receive data through the air rather than through cables.
This can allow for easier connection to networks, allowing for more to access or become a part of networks that are further or larger. It lowers the issues of equality of access.
Areas of Impact: Business and Employment: Can allow for easier job searching, can allow employees to communicate. Education: students and teachers are given access to more information.
· Ethernet: A popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.
WiFi: A popular wireless LAN technology that allows multiple computers to connect to a LAN through a base station up to 150 feet away. Often referred to as 802.11b.
Wireless Access Point: is a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi
This technology allows for people to easily access the internet no matter where they are, if the area has a wireless access point for WiFi. It lowers issues of equality of access and allows people to work wherever they may be. They can search for any information necessary via internet at various locations.
Areas of Impact: Education-students can work on assignments and conduct research when they’re not necessarily at school or at home. Entertainment and Leisure- People may entertain themselves via internet wherever they are.
· Node: A component of a network.
Communications Media: How Nodes are linked.
Client: Any part of the network that receives data
Host: Any part of a network that gives or provides data.
Servers: Any tool that offers a lot of users access to various networks
These components make up the network system, be it a LAN, WAN, or MAN. Network systems allow communication and globalization because they make information easy to share. One can access reliable information from experts of a field by communicating with them via networks, in some networks the hosts and clients work both jobs, so everyone can share files.
Areas of Impact: leisure and Entertainment- People share music and movies in networks for entertainment. Science-People share ideas and conduct research using this technology.
· Network Interface Card: A card you can add to your computer that helps one to a connect to various networks.
This allows more access to people and since it is inside the computer, it allows one to access networks anywhere, making sending messages to others and researching a snap form any location. This can make the gap between people and machines smaller because people may start to depend on technology too much and wont be able to survive without it.
Areas of Impact: Education-Students can research wherever they are. Business- Employees and Employers can attend meetings from any location.
· Protocol: How data is sent, formatted, received
Topology: Design Layout (physical and logical)
These are responsible for the format and look of a website, which can determine how understandable and effective a website is. This can affect who will understand and can access the website.
Areas of Interaction: Business and Employment: The design of a website or online business can affect who will visits the website and whose attention it will catch.
· LAN: Multiple personal computers connected on a network.
MAN: A service that links two or more LANs within a city
WAN: A network that extends over a long distance. Each network site is a node on the network.
FiberOptic Cable: a cable made of optical fibers that can transmit large amounts of information at the speed of light.
These are networks that help computers connect to communicate and share information. WANs allow the largest networks and one can connect to them wirelessly. LANs are sometimes connected via fiber optic cables. These networks cant always be reliable, due to connection issues, and the information gathered from it, such as the info from the internet is not always the most reliable. Being connected to a network also brings up security issues, because a computer can access the information of other computers in the same network.
Areas of Interaction: Science: Research information can be shared. Politics and Government: Politicians can use networks to network for campaigns and keep their followers
· Access: Physical proximity to a person, or knowledge about that person, a common theme in privacy discussions.
· SPAM: Internet junk mail.
Phishing: The use of a deceptive email message or Web site to lure a person into divulging credit card numbers or other sensitive information.
These are possible scams that one can run into on the internet, especially when dealing with emails. It brings up serious security and privacy issues, because companies and online scammers can gather important information and possibly steal the identities of people attached to a network.
Areas of Interaction: Entertainment and Leisure: affects people who use email for entertainment or any other reason. Business: People can lose their financial information to others who will abuse it.
· Login: A one-word name that you type to identify yourself when connecting—logging in—to a secure computer system, network, or email account. Sometimes called login name or alias.
Password: The most common security tools used to restrict access to computer systems
Firewall: a security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers; commonly used on local area networks that are connected to the internet
These are very important precautions that decrease the chances of privacy and security issues when dealing on networks.
Areas of Interaction: Education: Students can keep their identities safe on the internet and be safe from inappropriate or potentially dangerous websites.
· VPN:A network that uses encryption software to create secure “tunnels” through the public Internet or between intranets; a method an organization can use to set up an extranet.
· UPS:A hardware device that protects computers from data loss during power failures.
Increases reliability on this technology because people are less likely to lose their work or have their intellectual property stolen or lost,
· Blog: Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary-like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring.
This allows for people to publish their ideas and thoughts online and allows others to read each other’s ideas. This is very helpful, and it attributes to globalization through the spread of cultures and ideas everywhere.
Areas of Interaction: Education: Individuals can learn to be more open-minded and global by learning of others ideas and how to post their own ideas without offending any culture.
· GPS: A defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth.
Very helpful in finding your way around an area and learning about places, however, it can cause people and machine issues, because people can become too dependent on technology and lose their sense of direction.
· Internet Telephony: combination of software and hardware technology that enables the Internet to, in effect, serve as a telephone network. Internet telephony systems can use standard telephones, computers, or both to send and receive voice messages.
· Video Teleconference: Face-to-face communication over long distances using video and computer technology.
· NOS: Server operating system software for a local-area network.
· Asynchronous Communication: Delayed communication, such as that used for newsgroups and mailing lists, where the sender and the recipients don’t have to be logged in at the same time.
Real TIme Communication: Internet communication that enables you to communicate with other users who are logged on at the same time.
Chat Room: Public real-time teleconference
IM: A technology that enables users to create buddy lists, check for buddies who are logged in, and exchange typed messages and files with those who are.
All these allow for individuals to communicate, some in real time, and others with delayed response. Either way, this allows for people to meet each other and handle any issues of just have a chat. Can breach ones privacy because they might reveal too much information to a stranger. Promotes globalization because it allows people to connect and share ideas.
Networks can be useful in communicating with others and sharing or accessing information, however, there are issues that may arise with networks. Privacy and Security come into question because being connected to other computers means they can steal or access personal information, Computers that aren’t connected to certain networks cannot attain all the information that computers that are a apart oft he network can.
Areas of Impact: Business and Employment, networks can be useful in "networking", allowing people to find jobs and employees.
· Wireless Network: A network in which a node has a tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network port so it can send and receive data through the air rather than through cables.
This can allow for easier connection to networks, allowing for more to access or become a part of networks that are further or larger. It lowers the issues of equality of access.
Areas of Impact: Business and Employment: Can allow for easier job searching, can allow employees to communicate. Education: students and teachers are given access to more information.
· Ethernet: A popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox.
WiFi: A popular wireless LAN technology that allows multiple computers to connect to a LAN through a base station up to 150 feet away. Often referred to as 802.11b.
Wireless Access Point: is a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi
This technology allows for people to easily access the internet no matter where they are, if the area has a wireless access point for WiFi. It lowers issues of equality of access and allows people to work wherever they may be. They can search for any information necessary via internet at various locations.
Areas of Impact: Education-students can work on assignments and conduct research when they’re not necessarily at school or at home. Entertainment and Leisure- People may entertain themselves via internet wherever they are.
· Node: A component of a network.
Communications Media: How Nodes are linked.
Client: Any part of the network that receives data
Host: Any part of a network that gives or provides data.
Servers: Any tool that offers a lot of users access to various networks
These components make up the network system, be it a LAN, WAN, or MAN. Network systems allow communication and globalization because they make information easy to share. One can access reliable information from experts of a field by communicating with them via networks, in some networks the hosts and clients work both jobs, so everyone can share files.
Areas of Impact: leisure and Entertainment- People share music and movies in networks for entertainment. Science-People share ideas and conduct research using this technology.
· Network Interface Card: A card you can add to your computer that helps one to a connect to various networks.
This allows more access to people and since it is inside the computer, it allows one to access networks anywhere, making sending messages to others and researching a snap form any location. This can make the gap between people and machines smaller because people may start to depend on technology too much and wont be able to survive without it.
Areas of Impact: Education-Students can research wherever they are. Business- Employees and Employers can attend meetings from any location.
· Protocol: How data is sent, formatted, received
Topology: Design Layout (physical and logical)
These are responsible for the format and look of a website, which can determine how understandable and effective a website is. This can affect who will understand and can access the website.
Areas of Interaction: Business and Employment: The design of a website or online business can affect who will visits the website and whose attention it will catch.
· LAN: Multiple personal computers connected on a network.
MAN: A service that links two or more LANs within a city
WAN: A network that extends over a long distance. Each network site is a node on the network.
FiberOptic Cable: a cable made of optical fibers that can transmit large amounts of information at the speed of light.
These are networks that help computers connect to communicate and share information. WANs allow the largest networks and one can connect to them wirelessly. LANs are sometimes connected via fiber optic cables. These networks cant always be reliable, due to connection issues, and the information gathered from it, such as the info from the internet is not always the most reliable. Being connected to a network also brings up security issues, because a computer can access the information of other computers in the same network.
Areas of Interaction: Science: Research information can be shared. Politics and Government: Politicians can use networks to network for campaigns and keep their followers
· Access: Physical proximity to a person, or knowledge about that person, a common theme in privacy discussions.
· SPAM: Internet junk mail.
Phishing: The use of a deceptive email message or Web site to lure a person into divulging credit card numbers or other sensitive information.
These are possible scams that one can run into on the internet, especially when dealing with emails. It brings up serious security and privacy issues, because companies and online scammers can gather important information and possibly steal the identities of people attached to a network.
Areas of Interaction: Entertainment and Leisure: affects people who use email for entertainment or any other reason. Business: People can lose their financial information to others who will abuse it.
· Login: A one-word name that you type to identify yourself when connecting—logging in—to a secure computer system, network, or email account. Sometimes called login name or alias.
Password: The most common security tools used to restrict access to computer systems
Firewall: a security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers; commonly used on local area networks that are connected to the internet
These are very important precautions that decrease the chances of privacy and security issues when dealing on networks.
Areas of Interaction: Education: Students can keep their identities safe on the internet and be safe from inappropriate or potentially dangerous websites.
· VPN:A network that uses encryption software to create secure “tunnels” through the public Internet or between intranets; a method an organization can use to set up an extranet.
· UPS:A hardware device that protects computers from data loss during power failures.
Increases reliability on this technology because people are less likely to lose their work or have their intellectual property stolen or lost,
· Blog: Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary-like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring.
This allows for people to publish their ideas and thoughts online and allows others to read each other’s ideas. This is very helpful, and it attributes to globalization through the spread of cultures and ideas everywhere.
Areas of Interaction: Education: Individuals can learn to be more open-minded and global by learning of others ideas and how to post their own ideas without offending any culture.
· GPS: A defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth.
Very helpful in finding your way around an area and learning about places, however, it can cause people and machine issues, because people can become too dependent on technology and lose their sense of direction.
· Internet Telephony: combination of software and hardware technology that enables the Internet to, in effect, serve as a telephone network. Internet telephony systems can use standard telephones, computers, or both to send and receive voice messages.
· Video Teleconference: Face-to-face communication over long distances using video and computer technology.
· NOS: Server operating system software for a local-area network.
· Asynchronous Communication: Delayed communication, such as that used for newsgroups and mailing lists, where the sender and the recipients don’t have to be logged in at the same time.
Real TIme Communication: Internet communication that enables you to communicate with other users who are logged on at the same time.
Chat Room: Public real-time teleconference
IM: A technology that enables users to create buddy lists, check for buddies who are logged in, and exchange typed messages and files with those who are.
All these allow for individuals to communicate, some in real time, and others with delayed response. Either way, this allows for people to meet each other and handle any issues of just have a chat. Can breach ones privacy because they might reveal too much information to a stranger. Promotes globalization because it allows people to connect and share ideas.
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